Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty. Its stated goal is to overthrow the secular government of nigeria and replace it with an islamic system. Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right. Pdf it is almost three years ago that a group of northern nigerian militants. Statistical analysis of event data concerning boko haram. Since the beginning of boko harams insurgency in 2010, thousands of nigerian. In 2015, boko haram leader abubakar shekau pledged allegiance to abu bakr albaghdadi, the leader of the islamic state, and boko haram became known as islamic states west africa province iswap. This report traces the historical evolution of boko harams development and outlines the dimensions of its conflict with the nigeri an state.
Boko haram in order to understand how the boko haram insurgency threatens security, it is pertinent to provide a background of its evolution. Stabilizing northeast nigeria after boko haram carnegie. Boko haram formed in 2002 when mohammed yusuf, a wellknown preacher and proselytizer of the izala sect of islam in the maiduguri region of nigeria, began to radicalize his discourse to reject all secular aspects of nigerian society. The risks and hazards of terrorism threatened everyday lives and livelihoods of vulnerable households, women and young girls some of whom were enslaved or sold into slavery. The group, more commonly known as boko haram, has engaged in a deadly insurgency against the nigerian state since 2009. Effects of boko haram insurgency on religious cleavages in. Jihadist violence in nigeria continues defeating boko haram requires a multifaceted approach. Some nigerians have reasons to believe that bokoharam is an offshoot of maitatsine an islamist sect which wielded dominance in northern nigerian states of kano, bauchi presentday gombe and maiduguri in. A common account of the groups origin traces it back to 2002, when mohammed yusuf, a charismatic preacher, became its leader. It argues clearly that the best route to stability is through the establishment of accountable and effective democratic institutions.
Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and currently has no political front. The lake chad oil and gas connection volume issue 1 j. The struggle against boko haram in southeastern niger is increasingly sharpening local conflicts over access to resources. Summary boko haram is a terrorist organization responsible for a considerable amount of violence in northern nigeria. Boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty and political alienation. Introduction boko haram, the extremist group that has wreaked havoc in nigeria and the lake chad basin for nearly a decade, is often seen as an outlier among salafijihadi organisations when it.
Boko haram evolved into an active insurgency, using asymmetric warfare to further its goals. Lessons from colombia for curtailing the boko haram insurgency. Tochukwu omenma skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Boko haram, a violent but diffuse islamist sect, has grown increasingly active and. Those terrible weeks in their camp human rights watch. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence.
The paper also considers the effectiveness of the steps taken by the nigerian government to secure childrens right to education in line with its obligations under international law, in the context of the insurgency. Policy to counter nigerias boko haram offers a sober assessment of the security situation in northern nigeria. Boko haram 3 mohammed yusuf led boko haram from 2002 to 2009, and the main tenet of his teaching was that western education is sinful, which in hausa translates to boko haram bokocan mean book or, more broadly, western education, and haram means sinful or forbidden. Boko haram insurgency demilitarization and prospects for democracy in nigeria by agbese, 1993 and restructuring nigeria federalism by suberu, 2001.
Waging a highly irregular war an insurgency in northeast nigeria since september 2010, boko haram over the years has escalated as a threat form. Boko haram is an islamist militant group based in northern nigeria and the lake chad region. Established in 2002with the purpose of creating a state based on the. Philosophical education toward democratization and boko. The study therefore discusses the concept of terrorism, economy and politics. Health indices, such as maternal and child mortality are worst in the northeast region. This insurgency is now regularly extending into other parts of the country. Boko haram currently controls an area the size of belgium across three states in northeast nigeria. Boko haram is an isisaligned jihadist group based in nigeria. This has claimed thousands of lives and millions naira worth of properties. Boko haram bh, meaning western education is forbidden, an islamist militant insurgent group based in northeastern nigeria, has been. Despite the recapturing of territory, boko haram has not been defeated.
Boko haram makes consistent references to victimhood. By 2014, this threat extended beyond nigerias borders. The insurgency does not need to operate like a conventional army, which can be expelled from territory in a series of pitched battles. The shift which occurred in the intentions and goals of the group became clear with a series of military actions against nigerian and foreign targets in 2011. The pledge of allegiance appeared to mark boko harams weakness at that time. It is almost three years ago that a group of northern nigerian militants that transformed from political brigandage declared a war on the country in the name of islamic jihad. The legitimate targets of its violence are christians, muslims 8 and the nigerian government. These data generated massive csv comma separated values files. Boko haram is an islamic sect that believes politics in northern nigeria has been seized by a group of corrupt, false muslims. Civilianled governance and security in nigeria after boko haram. The activities of these misguided groups and individuals have resulted in wanton destruction of 1 how we will stop boko haram, by muhammadu buhari, vanguard, april 15, 2015. Boko harams chaotic and amorphous violence remains primarily focused on eliminating rivals or alternative religious ideologies and political influences, and avenging itself against the nigerian state. In 2019, the conflict in northeastern nigeria entered its eleventh year.
On august 26, 2011 boko haram detonated a carbomb at the united nations headquarters in. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. International donors should contribute to longterm development solutions in the region alongside immediate humanitarian aid. For each event, the headline, newspaper, and relevant sentences are extracted.
Boko haram, nigerias homegrown islamist insurgency. For years, boko haram has been conducting a lethal jihadist insurgency in the countrys north to drive out government forces and establish an islamic state. Characterisation and implications under municipal and. First is the idea that boko haram is an inevitable result of poverty in northern nigeria. The threat was acted upon when boko haram conducted several suicide bombings and assassinations around the country as well as carrying out a prison break in bauchi, which freed close to 700 inmates. There is no military solution to this insurgency, and the authorities should instead put the emphasis on demobilising militants, solving local conflicts, reinvigorating the economy and restoring public services. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and. Statistical analysis of event data concerning boko haram in nigeria 200920 3 is catalogued multiple times from different englishlanguage sources. In 2015, bh repeatedly crossed the border from nigeria to launch multiple attacks in the diffa region of niger, leading to the deaths of numerous civilians and security forces us department of state 02062016. With their open claims on recorded videoaudio clips to islamize nigeria with the force of war, boko haram attacks on the nigerian civilian population in places of worship has further exacerbated existing religious cleavage among the adherents of the two major religions islam and christianity in nigeria. Since 2009, the boko haram insurgency and the governments military response have killed tens of thousands of civilians and displaced millions across the lake chad region, which straddles cameroon, chad, niger, and nigeria.
Nigeria has been involved in a 6 year conflict with the group boko haram, responsible for many attacks, the most widely reported being the kidnap of 276 school girls in april, 2014. Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a cultlike religious movement into a revolutionary insurgent organization. Boko haram however did not necessarily achieve this threat. Boko haram is an islamic sect that believes northern politics has been seized by a group of corrupt, false muslims.
Defeating boko haram requires a multifaceted approach. This comprehensive report examines boko harams extremist rhetoric, leadership, and history of violent activities. It wants to wage a war against them, and the federal republic of nigeria generally, to create a pure islamic state ruled by sharia law. However, with the current democratic experiment in nigeria beset as it is, now may be the time to subject present realities and the democratic conundrum to an educational critique of major.
Yusuf was a trained salafist an adherent of a school of. These groups have carried out numerous attacks that have resulted in tens of thousands of casualties. However, while security forces may have put boko haram on the back foot, the social. Boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty and political alienation article pdf available january 2012 with 9,023 reads how we measure reads. It is true that over 60% of ni gerians live on less than one dollar per day,14 and that muslimmajority northern nigeria trails the heavily christian south in infrastructural devel opment and educational attainment. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of. Troops crushe d the rebellion, killing hundreds of followers and destroying the groups principal mosque. The boko haram insurgency in particular cuts across the borders of nigeria to niger. A boko haram commanders words to a 19yearold mother who was held in sambisa forest, northern nigeria, for four days in april 2014. The boko haram insurgency and the states response the ongoing elevenyear boko haram insurgency is one of the most violent, destructive, and debilitating of the nations internal security challenges since independence. In the early years of the conflict, most western governments saw boko haram primarily as a. Preventing boko haram abductions of schoolchildren in nigeria.
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